A complex network of behavioural, psychological and physiological mechanisms drives the health of individuals, and sociostructural factors will either facilitate or impede desired health outcomes within community ecosystems. The GENIAL [**g**enomics-**e**nvironment-vagus **n**erve-social **i**nteraction-**a**llostatic regulation-**l**ongevity] model is proposed, and important mediators and moderators are characterized along a pathway to wellbeing and longevity.